Solution
app = Flask(__name__)
app.jinja_options['extensions'] = ['jinja2_humanize_extension.HumanizeExtension']
>>> app = Flask(__name__)
>>> app.jinja_options
{}
>>> app.jinja_options['extensions'] = ['jinja2_humanize_extension.HumanizeExtension']
>>> app.jinja_options
{'extensions': ['jinja2_humanize_extension.HumanizeExtension']}
>>> from flask import render_template_string
>>> with app.app_context():
... print( render_template_string('''{{300000|humanize_naturalsize()}}''', asd='abc'))
...
300.0 kB